The NHS has issued clear guidance for those who are pregnant or trying to conceive, recommending a daily intake of specific supplements to support the healthy development of their baby. It is advised that expectant mothers take a 400-microgram folic acid tablet every day, starting before conception and continuing until 12 weeks into pregnancy.
Folic acid plays a vital role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, during the early stages of fetal development. For those who have not taken folic acid before becoming pregnant, the NHS urges beginning supplementation immediately upon discovering the pregnancy.
In addition to folic acid, a daily vitamin D supplement of 10 micrograms is recommended, particularly between September and March when sunlight exposure is insufficient for natural vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D supports bone health for both mother and baby and is especially important for breastfeeding mothers. However, the NHS cautions against consuming excessive vitamin D, advising not to exceed 100 micrograms daily.
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While a balanced diet rich in folate—found in green leafy vegetables, fortified cereals, and fat spreads—can help, obtaining adequate folate from food alone is challenging, making supplementation essential during pregnancy. The NHS also warns against taking cod liver oil or supplements containing vitamin A (retinol), as high levels can harm the developing baby.
Individuals at a higher risk of neural tube defects may be advised to take a higher dose of folic acid (5 milligrams daily) until the 12th week of pregnancy. Risk factors include a personal or family history of neural tube defects, certain medical conditions, or taking specific medications. Those affected should consult their GP for a prescription and additional monitoring.
The NHS offers the Healthy Start scheme, providing free vitamins and nutrition support for eligible expectant and new mothers, especially those under 18 or receiving certain benefits. Even if not eligible, many local NHS services provide vitamins at low or no cost. Pregnant women are encouraged to speak with their GP or midwife about available support and supplements.
Maintaining a nutritious diet alongside supplementation is crucial to ensure adequate intake of iron, calcium, vitamin C, and other nutrients needed for a healthy pregnancy and fetal development.